In Singapore, acute upper respiratory tract infections—such as allergic rhinitis and sinusitis—remain among the most common reasons for polyclinic visits each year. At the same time, conditions like hearing loss, which affects about 10% of adults, and obstructive sleep apnoea, which remains underdiagnosed despite its increasing prevalence, highlight the broader need for greater awareness and care in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) health.
Given these ongoing concerns, consulting an ENT specialist who offers a full spectrum of care using modern techniques and technologies becomes especially important.
What Is an ENT Specialist?
An ENT specialist, also known as an otolaryngologist, is a healthcare professional trained to diagnose and treat conditions related to the ears, nose, throat, and certain parts of the head and neck.
ENT specialists possess expertise in various subspecialties within their field, including otology (ear disorders), rhinology (nose and sinus conditions), laryngology (throat and voice disorders), and head and neck surgery.
What Are the Most Common Conditions Treated by ENT Specialists?
ENT specialists treat a variety of conditions related to the ear, nose, and throat. Below are the key categories of conditions they commonly manage.
Ear Conditions
Ear-related disorders, which can impact hearing, balance, and overall ear health:
- Hearing loss
- Ear infections
- Vertigo or dizziness
- Otosclerosis
- Tinnitus
- Balance disorders
Nose and Sinus Conditions
Nose conditions that can cause discomfort and interfere with breathing:
- Sinusitis (Acute / Chronic)
- Deviated nasal septum
- Allergic rhinitis
- Obstructive sleep apnoea
- Post-nasal drip
- Nasal polyps
Throat, Head, and Neck Conditions
Throat-related conditions often affect speaking, swallowing, and breathing:
- Tonsillitis
- Laryngitis
- Chronic sore throat
- Voice disorders
- Sleep apnoea
- Swallowing problems (dysphagia)
How Does an ENT Specialist Diagnose ENT Conditions?
ENT specialists employ a wide range of diagnostic techniques to accurately identify the underlying causes of ear, nose, throat, and head/neck conditions. These tests and evaluations enable them to pinpoint issues early, facilitating effective treatment and improved patient outcomes.
The following are some of the most common tests an ENT specialist would employ:
- Physical Examination: During this process, the ENT doctor may use a lighted instrument, such as an otoscope, to visually inspect the ears, nose, and throat for signs of infection, inflammation, or any obvious structural abnormalities.
- Hearing Tests: Audiometry, commonly known as an audiogram, is typically performed to measure hearing thresholds. In this test, patients respond to sounds of varying frequencies and volumes, allowing the doctor to determine the extent of hearing loss.
- Imaging Techniques: When there is a suspicion of more complex issues, such as growths, tumours, or chronic infections, imaging tests like CT scans and MRI are often employed.
- Endoscopy: ENT specialists use an endoscope—a small flexible camera that is inserted into the patient’s nose or throat—to evaluate the condition of the nasal passages, sinuses, and upper respiratory tract.
- Allergy Testing: In cases where allergies may be contributing to symptoms, an ENT specialist may recommend allergy testing. This could involve a skin test or a blood test to determine whether specific allergens are triggering the symptoms.
- Polysomnography (Sleep Study): For patients with sleep apnoea, this diagnostic test monitors various body functions, such as heart rate and oxygen levels, while the patient sleeps, allowing doctors to assess the severity of the condition.
How Does an ENT Specialist Treat Common Ear, Nose, and Throat Conditions
When it comes to treating ENT conditions, there are conservative and surgical options. The recommended treatment depends on the nature and severity of the problem. It is important to note that while non-surgical treatments are often the first choice, surgical procedures are a valid and sometimes essential path for achieving the best possible outcome.
| Type of Condition | Non-surgical Treatment | Surgical Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Ear |
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| Nose |
|
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| Throat, Head, and Neck |
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Key Takeaways
ENT specialists play a critical role in diagnosing and treating a wide range of conditions affecting hearing, breathing, balance, speech, and swallowing. From common ailments like ear infections and sinusitis to complex issues such as sleep apnoea and thyroid growths, they utilise advanced diagnostic tools for early identification and personalised care.
Non-surgical treatments like allergy therapy, ear tube insertion, and voice or swallowing therapy are often sufficient to provide relief. However, when symptoms persist or structural problems exist, surgical options such as septoplasty, tonsillectomy, or thyroid surgery may be required.
If you have ENT-related symptoms, schedule a consultation with our experienced ENT specialist, A/Prof Luke Tan. With over 25 years of specialist experience, A/Prof Tan expertly manages all ENT conditions, utilising a full suite of advanced diagnostic, endoscopic, and robotic equipment. Contact us today at 6474 6116 to book your consultation.
