Nasal and sinus endoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive approach used to diagnose and treat conditions such as chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps and a deviated septum. The procedure aims to improve airflow and sinus drainage, helping to reduce ongoing nasal blockage, infections, and related discomfort.
By using specialised instruments and a small camera, surgery can be performed with precision while minimising disruption to surrounding tissues. This approach supports faster recovery and avoids visible incisions.
What Is Endoscopic Sinus Surgery?
Endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive procedure primarily used to alleviate blockages in the
sinuses, which can cause various symptoms such as pain, drainage issues, infections, impaired breathing, and
even loss of smell. The surgery uses an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera that allows surgeons
to view and operate within the nasal cavity and sinuses without making large incisions.
The procedure, also known as functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), aims to restore normal function and
ventilation to the sinuses by unblocking sinus openings. This surgery is performed through the nostrils,
eliminating the need for an external incision.
Conditions Commonly Treated with Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Endoscopic sinus surgery may be recommended for nasal and sinus conditions that persist despite appropriate medical treatment.
Chronic or Recurrent Sinusitis
– Ongoing sinus infections can lead to persistent blockage, facial pressure, pain and nasal discharge. Surgery helps clear obstructed sinus pathways and reduce inflammation.Nasal Polyps
– These soft, non-cancerous growths can block the nasal passages and sinuses, causing breathing difficulties and a reduced sense of smell. Endoscopic surgery allows targeted removal to improve airflow.Nasal Obstruction or Blockage
– Structural issues such as a deviated septum, as well as chronic swelling of nasal tissues, can obstruct breathing. Surgery helps open the nasal passages and improve nasal airflow.Sinus and Nasal Tumours
– For selected benign or malignant growths, endoscopic techniques allow access for biopsy or removal with less disruption to surrounding structures compared with open surgery.
How to Prepare for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Careful preoperative preparation helps reduce surgical risks and supports a smoother recovery. Your ENT specialist will provide individual instructions, but preparation commonly includes the following:
Prescription Medications
– You may be prescribed medications such as antibiotics or corticosteroids before surgery. These are used to reduce inflammation and lower the risk of infection.Preoperative Medical Assessment
– A full medical evaluation is usually required before surgery. This may include blood tests or other investigations to confirm that you are medically fit for anaesthesia and the procedure.Smoking Cessation
– Stopping smoking several weeks before surgery is strongly advised. Smoking impairs wound healing and increases the risk of postoperative complications.Adjustment of Medications and Supplements
– Certain medications and supplements that increase bleeding risk, such as aspirin, NSAIDs or herbal supplements, may need to be stopped before surgery. Always follow your doctor’s specific instructions regarding medication use.
Postoperative Care After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Adhering closely to postoperative instructions is essential to support healing and reduce the risk of complications. The following measures are commonly recommended to aid recovery:
Nasal Saline Spray
– Regular use of saline spray helps keep the nasal passages moist and assists in clearing mucus and crusts.Sinus Irrigation
– Gentle sinus rinsing, usually performed several times a day, helps remove debris, reduce congestion and improve comfort during healing.Activity Restrictions
– Strenuous activities such as heavy lifting, bending, nose blowing and vigorous exercise should be avoided for the duration advised by your surgeon.Medications
– Prescribed medications may include pain relievers and, in some cases, antibiotics or corticosteroids to manage discomfort, reduce swelling and prevent infection.Follow-Up Appointments
– Scheduled follow-up visits allow your doctor to assess healing, remove crusts or blood if needed and monitor for any postoperative concerns over the recovery period.
What Are the Benefits of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery?
Endoscopic sinus surgery is performed to improve sinus function and relieve symptoms that have not responded to medical treatment. While outcomes vary between individuals, many patients experience meaningful improvements following recovery.
Relief of Sinus Pressure
– By improving sinus drainage, the procedure may help reduce mucus build-up and ease ongoing facial pressure or congestion in suitable patients.Reduced Frequency of Infections
– Clearing blocked sinus passages can lower the likelihood of recurrent sinus infections, particularly in those with chronic sinus obstruction.Improved Nasal Breathing
– Removal of obstructions may help restore airflow through the nasal passages, making nasal breathing more comfortable.Better Sleep and Overall Wellbeing
– Improved nasal breathing may enhance sleep quality, which can have a positive effect on overall health.Minimal Scarring and Faster Recovery
– Because the surgery is performed endoscopically without large external incisions, visible scarring is uncommon. Recovery time varies, but many patients are able to return to normal activities sooner than with open surgical approaches.
Potential Complications of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Endoscopic sinus surgery is generally safe when performed by an experienced ENT specialist. However, as with any surgical procedure, complications can occur. Your surgeon will discuss these risks with you before surgery and take careful steps to minimise complications throughout the procedure and recovery.
Changes in Sense of Smell
– Temporary alteration or reduction in smell may occur due to postoperative swelling or healing changes. This typically improves as inflammation settles.Voice Changes
– Mild and temporary voice changes can occur, often related to nasal swelling or altered airflow. These usually resolve during recovery.Bleeding
– Light nasal bleeding is common after surgery. Persistent or heavy bleeding is uncommon and should be assessed by a doctor.Infection
– Although surgery aims to reduce recurrent sinus infections, infection can still occur during the healing phase and may require medical treatment.
